Producer cities and consumer cities: Using production- and consumption-based carbon accounts to guide climate action in China, the UK, and the US

نویسندگان

  • Andrew Sudmant
  • Andy Gouldson
  • Joel Millward-Hopkins
  • Kate Scott
  • John Barrett
چکیده

Meeting the commitments made in the Paris Agreement on climate change will require different approaches in different countries. However, a common feature in many contexts relates to the continued and sometimes increasing significance of the carbon footprints of urban centres. These footprints consider both production or territorial (i.e. Scope 1 and 2) emissions, and consumption or extraterritorial (i.e. Scope 3) emissions. Although a growing number of cities have adopted targets for their production-based emissions, very few have even started to analyse or address their consumption-based emissions. This presents a potential challenge for urban policymaking if consumption emissions rise while production emissions fall, and for climate mitigation more broadly if emissions are effectively migrating to areas without carbon reduction targets or capabilities. To explore these issues, in this paper we analyse and compare productionand consumption-based emissions accounts for urban centres in China, the UK and the US. Results show that per-capita income and population density are strong predictors of consumption-based emissions levels, and consumption-based emissions appear to diminish but not decouple with higher per-capita incomes. In addition, results show that per-capita income is a predictor of net emissions or the difference between productionand consumption-based accounts suggesting that continuing increases in per capita income levels may drive the ‘leakage’ of urban emissions. These findings highlight a risk in placing too much faith in city-level climate strategies focused only on production-based emissions, and stress the importance of new city-level initiatives that focus on consumption-based emissions, especially in cities that are shifting from producer to consumer

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Modeling and Forecasting Effects of Crude Oil Price Changes on the US and UK GDP

        This paper proposes a new forecasting model for investigating relationship between the price of crude oil, as an important energy source and GDP of the US, as the largest oil consumer, and the UK, as the oil producer. GMDH neural network and MLFF neural network approaches, which are both non-linear models, are employed to forecast GDP responses to the oil price changes. The resul...

متن کامل

Climate and Energy in Urban Areas to Reduce Energy Consumption, Case Study of Saadat Abad Building

Before the modern era, cities were built on a scale that did not change the environmental balance significantly. With the expansion of population and the expansion of cities and the conversion of settlements into big cities and metropolises, new conditions have emerged which show that cities today make their own climates. The new climates created in these areas are completely different from the...

متن کامل

Climatic Compatibility of Courtyard Houses, Based on Shading- sunlit Index; Case Studies: Traditional Houses in Kashan & Ardabil Cities

Today, access to sustainable environment for more presence of humans in open space should improve the quality of open spaces and human thermal comfort. Hence, the courtyard as an open space is an important element in solar radiation absorption and providing thermal comfort. The aim of this paper is to investigate the climatic performance of traditional courtyard houses, according to shading ...

متن کامل

Climate change would enlarge suitable planting areas of sugarcanes in China

China’s sugar production and consumption continues to increase. This process is alreadyongoing for over 15 years and over 90% of the sugar production comes from sugarcane(Saccharum officinarum). Most of the sugarcane is planted in the south (e.g. the Chineseprovinces of Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong and Hainan) and it represents there a majoreconomic crop in these landscapes. As found virtually wo...

متن کامل

Life cycle assessment of steel production from iron scrap: a case study at a steel plant

Background and Objective: The steel industry is the world's largest consumer of energy. A large amount of iron waste is produced annually, which its use in the steel industry can be economic. The purpose of this study was to investigate the environmental impacts of the steelmaking from iron scrap as a raw material using a life cycle assessment (LCA) method. Materials and Methods: Simapro softw...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

عنوان ژورنال:

دوره   شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2017